不定式由“ to十动词原形”构成,其否定形式是“ not to do”.不定式可以带宾语或状语构成不定式短语,没有人称和数的变化,但有时态和语态的变化.不定式可作主语、宾语、状语、表语和定语,但不能单独作谓语.不定式的逻辑主语有时用“ for十名词或代词宾格”构成.

1.不定式的用法:

l)作主语.不定式短语作主语时,往往放在谓语之后,用 it作形式主语.例如:

To see is to believe.

It is right to give up smoking.

2)作宾语.不定式短语作宾语时,如果还带有宾语补足语。往往把不定式宾语放在宾语补足语之后,而用 it作形式宾语.例如:

He wanted to go.

I find it interesting to study work with him.

3)作宾语补足语.例如:

He asked me to do the work with him.

注意 :在 feel,hear,listen to,look at,notice, observe,see,watch,have,let,make等词后的补足语中,不定式不带 to.但是这些句子如果变成被动结构时,就必须带 to.例如

I often hear him sing the song.

He is often heard to sing the song.

注意:不定式动词在介词 but,except,besides后面时,如果这些介词之前有行为动词 do的各种形式,那么,这些介词后的不定式不带 to,否则要带 to.如:

She could do nothing but cry.

What do you like to do besides swim?

I have no choice but to go.

4)作定语.例如:

I have some books for you to read. 注①作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词,或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等,不定式后面须有相应的介词.例如:

He is looking for a room to live in.

There is nothing to worry about.

Please give me a knife to cut with.

但是,不定式所修饰的名词如果是 time,place或 way,不定式后面的介词习惯上要省去.例如:

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