如果你看到下列的句子,你会认为它们是正确的还是错的呢?

1.I wish I were a bird.

2.We request that you be here tomorrow.

也许你会说:"哈哈,第一句的 I were 错了,应该是 I was;而第二句中的 you be是什么东东呀?不是 you are, 也不是 you will be, 什么 you be?!"其实上面的句子都是一种称为 Subjunctive 类型的句子。Subjunctive Mood 有的书译为"假设语气",虽不很贴切;但在相当大的程度上,告诉我们这种句子的特点。Subjunctive Mood中文译作"虚拟语气",似乎不及"假设语气"那么容易明白。它是一种动词形式,表示说话人的某种假设、愿望、怀疑、猜测、建议等含义。基本上,虚拟语气可分为虚拟现在(Subjunctive Present)和虚拟过去(Subjunctive Past)两种;但它们和时态(Tenses)上所指的现在时态(Present Tense)和过去时态(Past Tense)是有所不同的。

一、虚拟现在(Subjunctive Present):

虚拟现在的句子,在任何时候都要用动词的原形(root form),就算是第三人称(he,she, it)也是如此。如:

1.1 现在时态(Simple Present): (右边为虚拟语气)

I work ---- I work

you work ---- you work

he works ---- he work (注意到了吗,是 work,不是 works)

she works ---- she work (不是 she works 喔)

it works ---- it work (同样不是 it works 喔)

we work ---- we work

they work ---- they work

1.2 现在进行时态(Present Continuous):(右边为虚拟语气)

I am working ---- I be working (注意用的是 be,怪怪的!)

you are working ---- you be working

he is working ---- he be working

she is working ---- she be working

it is working ---- it be working

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