his,that,these,those四个词都是指示代词,分别表示“这个”,“那个”,“这些”,“那些”。从中文释义上我们也能看出,它们之间是有差别的。那么,我们就来讲一讲,指示代词this,that,these,those的具体用法。

1.this 用来指离说话者位置近的人或者物,以及时间上较近的场合。如:

This is my mother.

这是我妈妈。

2.that用来指在空间或时间上离的较远的人、物和场合。如:

That is his father.

那是我爸爸。

3.these是this的复数形式,those是that的复数形式。this,that和is 连用,而these,those和are 连用。this is,these are,those are不存在缩写形式,只有that is有缩写形式,即that's。如:

These are my friends.

Those are their aunts.

That's his father. = That is his father.

指示代词的陈述句形式我们已经了解了,那么,怎样将它们改成一般疑问句呢?

我们都知道,由陈述句转换为一般疑问句时,直接将be动词提前到句首,把第一人称转换为第二人称,回答用yes或no。而在回答主语为this,that,these,those的疑问句时,问句中的this,that在答语中要用it替代,these,those要用they替代。如:

— Is this his father?

— Yes, it is. / No, it isn't.

— Are these your friends?

— Yes, they are. / No, they aren't.