had better是固定词组,相当于一个情态动词,用来表示一种建议和劝告,意思是“最好……”、“还是……好”。要用好它,我们应注意以下几个方面:

1. 人称和数的形式:had better中had无人称、数和时态的变化。

2. 缩写形式:had better可以与作主语的人称代词缩写。如:I'd better,You'd better等。

3. 易被误解的两种形式:had虽为过去形式,但无过去的意义;better虽为比较级形式,但无比较意义。

4. 肯定句形式:“主语+had better+动词原形+….”如:

It's raining outside.You'd better put on your raincoat.外面在下雨,你最好穿上雨衣。

5. 否定句形式:“主语+had better not+动词原形+…”,不能借助助动词didn't来否定(即不能用“didn't have better+动词原形”)。如:You had better not wake me up before 6 o'clock.六点钟之前 你最好不要叫醒我。

说明:现代英语也可用“had not better+动词原形”或“hadn’t better +动词原形”。

6. 一般疑问句形式:Hadn’t/ Had +主语+ better+动词原形+...?, 其肯定答语形式为:(Yes,) 主

语+’d better. 或Yes, 主语+ should/ had. 否定答语形式为:(No,) 主语+’d better not. 或No,主语+shouldn’t/ hadn’t. 如:

---Hadn’t you better do your homework at home?你是不是最好在家做功课?

---(Yes,) I’d better. 或Yes, I should/ had. 是的,我最好在家做功课。

---Had we better leave early ? 我们是不是最好早些离开?

---(No,) we’d better not. 或No, we shouldn’t/ hadn’t. 不,我们最好不要早离开。

7. 特殊疑问句形式:“疑问词+had+主语+better+动词原形+…?”

What had we better do ? 我们最好做些什么呢?

说明:had better很少用于特殊疑问句。

8. 反意疑问句形式:“陈述句,hadn’t/ shouldn’t+人称代词 ?”。如:

You'd better go to see a doctor first,hadn't/ shouldn’t you?你最好先去看病,是不是?

9. 省略形式:在现代英语中常用better代替had better,有时甚至省略主语。如:

You had better be careful./You better be careful./ Better be careful.你最好当心。

Better not wait for him. 最好不要等他了。

10. had better之后可接进行式动词,表示立即做某事,如:

I think I’d better be going. 我想我最好马上走。

You’d better be getting your clothes ready.你最好马上把你的衣服准备好。

11. had better之后可接完成式动词,表示对过去本来应该做而未做成之事的遗憾,如:

You’d better have come earlier.你本该早点来。

12. 同义的孪生结构:“had best+动词原形”,但不如had better常用,如:

You’d best get home before midnight. 你最好在子夜以前回到家。

13. 被动结构:“主语+had better +be+过去分词….”,如:

Breakfast had better be eaten before seven o’clock. 早饭最好在七点以前就吃。

14. 使用场合:通常是上级对下级, 长辈对晚辈建议和劝告在将来某一具体场合采取行动,对上级和长辈一般不用。它常带有威胁、告戒或催促的意味,如:

You’d better stay at home. 你最好还是呆在家里。(威胁,暗含“否则就对你不客气”)

You had better think twice before you do it. 你最好三思而后行。(告戒)

You’d better have a rest. 你最好休息一下。(催促)