主补即主语补足语即被动语态中的宾语补足语。

eg.They caught boy stealing.

被动语态 The boy was caught stealing.

stealing 即为主语补足语

被动语态后的主语补足语

对于主语补足语,语法家们各有不同的看法。有的把连系动词后面的部分称作主语补足语;有的又把被动语态后的补足语称作表语,与被动语态一起称作复合谓语。笔者通过教学体会到,还是把被动语态后面的补足语称作主语补足语好些。这是因为学生很容易接受“宾语补足语”,而如果把带有宾语补足语的句子变成被动句,原来补充说明宾语的部分就变成补充说明主语了。

一、被动语态的主语补足语与主动语态的宾语补足语是密切相关的。例如:

(1) I saw him playing basketball yesterday.

(2) He was seen playing basketball yesterday.

句(1)中的含义不是我看见他,而是我看见他正在打篮球。playing basketball是宾语him的补足语。所以叫宾语补足语。

句(2)中的含义也不是他被看,而是别人看见他正在打篮球。这里的playing basketball是主语he的补足语,故称作主语补足语。主语和主语补足语一起称作复合主语。所以含有主语补足语的句子一般是被动语态,谓语动词是可以接复合宾语(宾语+宾语补足语)的及物动词。句首的主语就是主语补足语的逻辑主语。

二、主语补足语形式种种

1. 动词elect, call, name, make, find, leave等后面常接名词用作主语补足语。例如:

① The dog is called Karl.

② Coal is sometimes called stored-up sunlight.

③ He was found the right man for the job.

2. 动词keep, make, paint, cut, burn, beat, wash, find, consider, wipe等后面常接形容词用作主语补足语。例如:

① The door was painted white.

② The old man was found weak.

③ The classroom is always kept clean every day.

3. 动词see, watch, hear, feel, listen to, look at, imagine等后面接分词用作主语补足语。例如:

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