名 词

一、 可数名词与不可数名词的区别

普通名词所表示的人或事物是可以按个数计算的,这类名词叫可数名词。可数名词分为个体名词(表示某类人或事物中的个体,如worker, farmer, desk, factory等)和集体名词(表示作为一个整体来看的一群人或一些事物,如people, family 等)。

如果普通名词所表示的事物是不能按个数来计算的,这类名词就叫不可数名词。不可数名词分为物质名词(表示无法分为个体的物质,如meat, rice, water, milk, orange 等)和抽象名词(表示动作、状态、情况、品质等抽象概念,如work, homework, time, health, friendship等)。

二、 可数名词

可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。指一个人或一件事物时,用单数形式;指两个或多个人或事物时用复数形式。名词由单数形式变成复数形式的规则如下:

1. 一般的名词词尾直接加-s 。

如:book → books room → rooms house → houses day → days

2. 以s, ss, ch, sh, x 结尾的名词,在词尾加-es 。

如:bus → buses glass → glasses watch → watches dish → dishes box → boxes

3. 以"辅音字母+y"结尾的名词,要先将y改为i再加-es。

如:city → cities body → bodies factory → factories等等。

4. 以f 或fe 结尾的名词,要将f或fe改为v再加-es。

如:half → halves leaf → leaves knife → knives wife → wives

5. 特例 [悄悄话:特例常常考,要记住。]

① child → children

② man → men woman → women policeman → policemen policewoman-policewomen

③ tomato → tomatoes potato → potatoes [悄悄话: 初中英语以o 结尾的名词变复数时只有这两个词加-es,其余的当然加-s喽!如:photo → photos ]

④ foot → feet tooth → teeth [悄悄话: oo变成ee。]

⑤ mouse-mice

⑥ fish, sheep, Chinese, Japanese单、复数同形 [悄悄话: 变复数时词形不变。]

⑦ people单数形式表示复数意义,要求谓语动词用复数;people的复数形式peoples通常指"多个民族"。

三、 不可数名词

1. 不可数名词没有复数,当它作句子的主语时,谓语动词要用单数形式。

如:The food is very fresh. 食品很新鲜。

2. 有的不可数名词也可以作可数名词,有复数形式,但他们的意义发生变化。

如:water (水) → waters (水域) orange (橘汁) → oranges (橘子)

3. 很多的不可数名词表示泛指时为不可数,表示种类时就可数,但意义大多不发生变化。

如:fruit → fruits food → foods fish → fishes hair → hairs

写出下列各词的复数

I _________him _________this ___________her ______

watch _______child _______photo ________diary ______

day________ foot________ book_______ dress ________

tooth_______ sheep ______box_______ strawberry _____

thief _______yo-yo ______ peach______ sandwich ______

man______ woman_______ paper_______ juice___________

water________ milk________ rice__________ tea__________

用所给名词的适当形式填空。

1. How many________(sheep) are there on the hill?

2. There is some________(food) in the basket.

3. The baby has only two________(tooth) now.

4. There is a lot of________(water) in the bottle.

5. There are five________(people ) in his family.

6. Let's take________(photo), OK?

7. I have lots of________(tomato) here.

8. The________(leaf) on the tree turn-yellow.

9. The________(child) are playing games on the playground now.

10. Their________(dictionary) look new.

11. I see you have a few white________(hair)。

12. They are________(woman) doctors.

13. Can you give me some bottles of ____ (orange), please?

14. There are many________(fox) in the picture.

15. I would like some apple________(juice)。 I am very thirsty.